Article 18 of the Indian Constitution


 Article 18 of the Indian Constitution 

Article 18 : Abolition of titles 

 Article 18 (1) -No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State.

The conferment of titles of Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Shri etc. are not prohibited under Article 18. These awards seem to fit in within category of Academy distinction. 
 
Article 18 (2)- No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State.

Article 18 (3) -No person who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holds any office of profit or trust under the State, accept without the consent of the President any title from any foreign State.

Article 18 (4)-No person holding any office of profit or trust under the State shall, without the consent of the President, accept any present, emolument, or office of any kind from or under any foreign State.

Case : Balaji Raghavan 🆚 Union of India, 1996 SC

The petitioner challenged the validity of the national awards and requested the court to prevent Government of India from conferring these awards. It was contended that the National Awards are titles within the meaning of Article 18 of the Constitution. 
Held- SC held that the National Awards such as Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri are not violative of the principle of equality as guaranteed  by the provision of the Constitution. The National Awards don not amount to "titles" Within the meaning of Article 18 and hence not violative of Article 18 of the Constitution. 
   
                               -Anjali singh &
                               - Deepak Kumar 
                    (University of Allahabad) 

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